1.5 Why EV Adoption Is Crucial For India Home to one of the largest automobile industries in the world, India currently contributes a major percentage of the global car sales. Public transport continues to be the primary mode of transport in tier II, tier III cities and rural regions. Given that over 1.

2 Mn deaths occur in the country every year as a result of air pollution, according to a report by Greenpeace, the transition to more eco-friendly and renewable sources of energy is the need of the hour for India.In light of the growing pollution problem, the Government of India, over the last few years, has been increasingly promoting alternative mobility solutions, chief among which are electric vehicles. Because they are powered by electricity and not fossil fuels, EVs are relatively emission-free and therefore, hold the key to India’s burgeoning air pollution issue.

Along those lines, the government unveiled the “National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020” in 2013, under which it has rolled out a slew of initiatives and programmes geared towards accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles in India. The plan, essentially, aims to deploy around 7 Mn hybrid and all-electric vehicles in the country by 2020.Realising the potential of EVs, the Indian government has also announced plans to make the country a 100% electric vehicle nation by 2030. To that end, in January 2017, the central government said that it would bear up to 60% of the research and development (R;D) cost for developing the indigenous low-cost electric technology.

National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020, essentially, aims to deploy around 7 Mn hybrid and all-electric vehicles in the country by 2020.Having already floated two global tenders for the procurement of up to 20,000 EVs,the government, under the leadership of PM Narendra Modi, is now planning to extend financial support of up to $1.3 Bn (INR 8,730 Cr) under the second phase of FAME India.While think tank NITI Aayog has created a special task force to come up with suggestions for the Union government, in a bid to make the transition to electric vehicles more seamless, various state governments have unveiled or are in the process of launching dedicated policies on EVs.In September 2017, for instance, Karnataka became the first Indian state to roll out its Electric Vehicle and Energy Storage Policy. Similarly, in October, the Telangana government prepared a draft policy on electric vehicles, with a focus on benefits for EV manufacturers.Among the other states that have rolled out – or are in the process of launching – policies on electric vehicles are Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Uttar Pradesh and others.

Interestingly, Gujarat, WB, UP, Rajasthan and Maharashtra clocked the highest number of EV sales during FY2016-17, according to a report by the Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles (SMEV).As per the findings of the study, Gujarat topped the list with sales of just over 4,330 units. WB appeared in the second place with sales of 2,846 units, followed by UP which sold a total of 2,467 electric vehicles during the said period.

Rajasthan reported sales of around 2,388 EV units, while Maharashtra came in fifth with sales of 1,926 units.”In addition, 25,000 e-vehicles were sold across India between 2016-17. The study was conducted on all electric two-wheelers and four-wheelers which were sold during 2016-2017 and are successfully running in the mentioned states,” stated the report.In another study, ASSOCHAM and EY claimed that the electric vehicles (EV) market is expected to record double-digit growth rates with the rise in sales volume annually in India till 2020. The survey titled ‘Electric mobility in India: Leveraging collaboration and nascency’, further said that despite electric vehicles not being mainstream, stricter emission norms, reducing battery prices and increasing consumer awareness are driving EV adoption in India.

1.6 Electric Vehicles: The Future Of MobilityGlobally, automobile exhaust is one of the biggest contributing factors of pollution, especially air pollution. While the environmental impact of electric vehicles is somewhat obvious, there are other advantages to electric mobility solutions that conventional fossil fuel-powered vehicles don’t have.Keeping that in mind, here is a rundown of the some of the major advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles over regular petrol or diesel-fuelled cars.Here are the key advantages Of EVs:No Fuel, Cheaper To MaintainBecause electric cars are powered by electricity and not gasoline, it drastically reduces the monthly spendings of car owners. According to Bloomberg, the consumption of fossil fuels by automobiles currently stands at 23 Mn barrels per day. However, with the increased popularity of EVs, the global gasoline consumption in the passenger vehicle segment will drop significantly within the next five years, as per a report by the International Energy Agency.

Although the initial cost of electric cars is quite higher than that of conventional vehicles, in the long-run, it is actually cheaper to own and maintain EVs. Ergon Energy states that the electricity needed to chargean EV is, on an average, around a third of the price of petrol per kilometre, especially in developed countries.Similarly, a battery electric vehicle (BEV) contains fewer components than a conventional petrol/diesel car, making servicing and maintenance a lot cheaper than petrol and diesel-powered vehicles.More Eco-Friendly, Lower Carbon FootprintGiven that the number of air pollution-related deaths have been on the rise lately, switching to electric cars, especially when it comes to public transport, could potentially reduce carbon emissions, thus slowing down climate change and global warming.In fact, electric cars are 100% emission free as they run on electrically powered engines.

Consequently, they do not emit any toxic gases or smoke that could adversely affect the environment. In this count, all-electric cars – particularly the ones powered by renewable energy – are much better than hybrid cars.However, in this regard, it should be noted that the source of electricity is also of importance in case of EVs. If the electricity is produced through environmentally-damaging means like coal power plants, which is often the case in developing countries, the environmental benefits of electric cars ultimately get negated.

Less Noise Pollution, Smoother RideSince they are devoid of internal combustion engines and, in general, have less number of components, electric vehicles tend to be more silent than conventional vehicles. This, in turn, helps in curbing noise pollution, especially in crowded urban areas.As an added advantage, electric motors, being lighter, offer a smoother drive with higher acceleration over longer distances than cars running on fossil fuels.Now, let’s look at some of the disadvantages of EVs:Range Anxiety, Lack Of Charging InfrastructureDespite the massive technological advancements, EV charging infrastructure remains inadequate in most parts of the world.

Furthermore, most electric cars have a range that falls between 150 to 175 km on a single charge. This, inevitably, gives rise to range anxiety among car owners.In the absence of charging points, especially during low-distance drives, there is the risk of being stranded, which albeit can be avoided through battery swapping. However, for widespread adoption of EVs, governments around the world need to be more proactive in building a robust and well-connected charging infrastructure.

Long Charging TimesAs mentioned above, the charging process of EVs can take anywhere from 30 minutes (in case of fast charging) up to 24 hours, depending on the capacity of the battery and motors. Most, however, take around four to six hours to be fully charged, which is several times longer than the time it takes to refuel a petrol/diesel car.Lower Battery Life, High Battery CostsThe batteries currently used in electric vehicles have a lifespan of only around three to 10 years, depending on the make and model. The lower battery life often serves as a hindrance that affects the performance of electric cars. The higher costs of batteries, which are caused by the insufficient supply of raw materials, add to this problem.

1. 5-8% of our body’s weight is of blood. 2. To suck all the blood from an adult, you need 1,120,000 mosquitoes.

3. The first blood bank was opened in 1937, in Chicago.4. A human contains 4.

7 to 5.5 liters of blood.5. Most often, heart attacks occur on Mondays – 21% of cases and 2nd place takes Friday.6.

To maintain the transparency, cornea have no blood vessel.it get nutrients from aqueous humor and from tear fluid.7. There are 4 types of blood groups- A, B, AB and O. 8.

Each blood group can be Rhesus+ or Rhesus-. 9. O negative is the universal donor and AB is the universal recipient.10. The blood has several components- RBC, WBC, Platelets, Plasma and many others.11.

Red blood cells transport oxygen to all the part of the body. 12. White Blood Cells in blood have defense mechanism.

13. Platelets have clotting function, it prevents the blood loss.14. The function of blood includes providing nutrients to the cells and collect wastes from the cells and of course oxygen transportation.15. Every blood cell has a certain life span, for example, RBC circulates in the system for 120 days.16. Approximately 100 billion RBC are produced every hour to replace the dead RBCs.

17. Plasma makes 55% of total body’s blood volume.18. A healthy human has 20-30 trillion RBCs at any time.19. The detoxification of blood is performed by liver.20.

All types of blood cells are produced in our bone marrow.21. The blood plasma can be stored for 1 year in frozen sate.22. One pint of blood you donate can save 3 lives.

23. AB- is the rarest blood type O+ is the most common blood type, but it may change according to countries.24. Baby is born with about a cup of blood.25. The blood is filtered by kidneys.

Everyday, our kidney can filter 400 gallons of blood.26. For 42 days hospital can store donated RBCs.27. Platelets cannot be stored for more than 5 days.28. An adult human has 60,000 miles of blood vessels spread in the body.

29. People who donate blood don’t get paid, they are volunteers.30. There is a huge blood market, the blood is sold in millions to the patients.31. You can live with artificial heart, but there is no replacement for blood.32.

The heart of a healthy adult person is able to pump up to 12 liters daily.33. Every heart beat contributes to the release of an average of 130 ml.34.

Donated blood is tested for Hepatitis B and C, HIV and syphilis. 35. 1.3 million pints of blood is wasted every year because its expired.

36. A special diet for blood groups is a myth.37.

The first ever successful blood transfusion was performed in 1600s on dogs.38. With the loss of one quarter of the blood develops a condition that threatens human life.39. It is a popular myth that blood donation is not good thing and it makes you weak.40. The anemic patients are transfused with blood to increase the level of plasma and RBCs.

41. Lungs performs the oxygenation of blood.42. In order to circulate the blood around the body, the heart creates such a pressure that it can release a blood stream 9 meters high.43.

James Harrison have rare blood group type, he had saved about 2 million of babies till now.44. The blood is 90% water and 10% is other proteins, electrolytes, hormones, enzymes etc.

45. In a relaxed state, 25% of the blood moves through the muscle tissues and kidneys.46. The red color of blood is due to presence of hemoglobin.47. Japanese scientists have identified some relationship between the blood type of a person and their character.48. In the body of a pregnant woman, by the 20th week, 50% more blood is produced than the blood formed before fertilization.

49. There are studies suggesting that coconut water is identical to the blood plasma.50. A Russian scientist tried to attain mortality by transfusing the blood but he died when he accidentally transfused the blood with malaria. 51.

Fish that inhabit the waters of the Antarctic have colorless blood. It lacks hemoglobin and erythrocytes.52. About 0.5 mg of gold is distributed in the human body through blood.53.

In Japan, a whole industry of individual products for each blood group like food, cosmetics, personal care products. 54. In late 90s, Saddam Hussein ordered to write the Quran with his blood. But now Muslim leaders don’t know what to do with this Quran.55.

Ireland has a tradition- in returned to the half a liter of donated blood, half a liter of Guinness beer is offered.56. In the car of US president there is always supply of blood in case of emergency.57. The famous soccer player, Cristiano Rolando have no tattoo on his body so that he can donate blood.

58. The ancient Egyptians did not drink wine because of the color resemblance of wine with blood.59. Blood donors in Sweden receive thank you message after donating blood and they also receive message when their blood is used for someone.60.

The blood performs the thermoregulatory function.

1. Yourlastname 1 Student Name Professor Name Subject 18 Nov 2015 Media’s Investment in Promoting Body Dissatisfaction Introduction One cannot help but become aware that body image relates to population’s judgement with regards to their own bodies. The focus here lies in arguing that it happens as the majority of people are focused on comparing themselves to other individuals.

Since people appear to be exposed to numerous media images, it is worth saying that media images occur as the major concept for a vast amount of these comparisons. Obviously, when people come to understanding the fact that their bodies emerge to be substandard due to such comparisons, they are likely to experience a serious depression; in addition, the category of those who tend to compare themselves to media images prove to be unable to cope with an extremely low self-esteem; and, consequently, they may easily develop the complex of incompleteness, which will result in exceptionally negative outcomes, including, for instance, the emergence of eating disorders, which often depend on the “woman’s view of her body” (Farley 101). One cannot but encounter the fact that the impact of media on people’s perception of the aesthetics of sexual attractiveness as well as their own body appears to be mostly ironic, given that as the US citizens turned to be heavier, female models have become much thinner and male models appeared to be more muscled. In view of many widely-acknowledged sociologists as well as psychologists, it becomes apparent that one should distinguish several theories elucidating the way that the media impacts people’s body image, incorporating social2.

Yourlastname 2 comparison theory, emerging self-schema interpretation, and third-person influence. On the basis of the above-said, one should be conscious that media is making it harder to find the real beauty due to the systematic displaying retouched photos and promoting body dissatisfaction. Contemplation upon People’s Perception The survey on body image – the way people tend to perceive their own bodies and how these viewpoints develop – was pioneered in the first quarter of 20th century (clearly 20s) by Paul Schilder.

A peculiar thing is that Shilder’s definition of body image claims that one should consider it as “the picture of our own body which we form in our mind, that is to say, the way in which the body appears to ourselves” (Grogan 3). A number of the modern- day scholars advance an assertion that the aforementioned definition proves to underestimate all the sophisticated entity of the given field of studies; one should be conscious that body image is likely to refer to a number of different constructs starting from judgements in respect of the issues of weight, size, to being satisfied with the abovementioned areas. Evidently, the term “body image’ incorporates both the way the individuals perceive the bodies cognitively and feel about their appearance. A particular attention should be drawn to the fact that the surveys on body image bear witness to that it actually affects many other dimensions of people’s life. Experiencing dissatisfaction with one’s body image is likely to bring in substantial challenges to pass.

Taking a view of the strategy that the contemporary communication channels are focused on, it becomes absolutely clear that the media culture maintains the tendency of making the society feel pressured mainly about their body images; obviously, media promote “the unrealistic ‘Barbie-doll’ body shape” (Davis & Katzman 58). Therefore, the average3. Yourlastname 3 individual appears to be exposed to hundred of beauty images regularly, and such images, which may often possess a sexually-oriented appeal, mirror an imaginary body image that has nothing to do with the real body image. The principle of removing media body images from the reality of today’s people results in negative consequences, including people’s unwillingness to accept their imperfect bodies. On the other hand, one should pay special attention to the fact that bodies portrayed by the media emerged to be much thinner as well; and those who contradict the slender ideal bodies “prejudice through their life span” (Grogan 10), respectively. Considering the issue of pressure about body image, it is worth saying that such a practice has undergone multiple phases of its formation; and, consequently, before the rise of the digital era, which can be characterized by the introduction of electronic mass media, the messages with regards to body images could be looked through in different books and newspapers – and going back to earlier days – in various paintings as well. Present-day media prove to have a financial investment in maintaining body dissatisfaction; obviously, media revenues are much dependent on drawing special attention to the body industry. Such a connection gives evidence that the link between communication channels and advertising unreal body images raises serious questions regarding the final outcomes of consumer trends (Vancura).

Reconsidering Body Standards in the Media The ideal body shapes introduced by the communication channels have turned to be much thinner and fitter since the second half of the 20th century; and one should take into account the fact that comparing the reinterpretation of the body images among both genders, women’s body image has undergone much more substantial transformation. At the same time, as for the US society, people became heavier here. To be precise, the number of obese4. Yourlastname 4 people has tripled. The movement towards thinner women’s body images has demonstrated a slow development since the early 20th century.

It is important to admit that in the 1920’s through newspapers as well as the emerging cinematography, a much thinner body image was widely popularized. The ideal woman’s form has faced substantial changed during the Great Depression; all in all, the ideal form remained comparatively slender during the hard times of the Second World War. Regarding the postwar trend towards the issue of domesticity, it has resulted in occurrence of ultra-feminine figures, including such as, for instance, Marilyn Monroe who apparently had larger breasts yet much thinner waists; in any way, one should become aware that it was just a temporary shift of focus from thin body images. To put the matter differently, female models continued to shrink during the 1980’s and 1990’s. It was the time of putting the females into much narrower body frames. On the basis of the aforementioned history of women’s change in beauty over the decades, one can come to understanding that the females’ norms of beauty images require being thin; concerning the males, they are told to possess sculpted muscles. Today’s people appear to exist within the framework of media-saturated space. Numerous surveys suggest that the prevailing majority of all females tend to be hooked on reading magazines, the bulk of all people watch approximately 4 hours of television each day; additionally, the population is exposed to hundreds of body images while having a walk, reading the newspapers, and surfing the Web, which “remains largely unregulated” (Bell ; Dittmar 489).

One should vividly see an entirely negative influence of such a constant exposure. The various studies suggest that the impact is usually felt in several fields. The thing is that people tend to compare themselves to unreal body images they observe via communication channels, internalize these artificial images as the standard, and absorb the information that they have5. Yourlastname 5 to take into consideration the significance of their appearance.

A peculiar thing is that the process of comparing oneself to stereotypic body images represented by media as well as internalizing the images as the principal argument is likely to negatively affect people; all in all, modern-day watching culture cannot tell the truth about self, and the fact that “fat bodies out of control no longer appeared powerful and competent” (Schwartz 122) does not make sense. Getting to Know the Trends in Body Dissatisfaction Obviously, the influence of media on body images appears to be rather complex; it is not just about the exposure that forces people to distinguish the shortcomings of their bodies; one should understand that the individuals are not struck equally by the exposure to unreal body images. The thing is that some people react rapidly to beauty photos and the others emerge to be resistant. The distinct reactions to media images can be explained by individual virtues. In other words, those being more self-conscious, focused on predominately the appearance and who suffer from eating disorders are more likely to be affected by the media – a mechanism deteriorating the everyday’s life of those who have weight problems (Pollack- Seid). The studies give evidence that the females consider the media as the key source of the comprehended societal pressure to follow the trend for a thin body. A cross-sectional survey observing the trends within the area of body image satisfaction made it certain that females had reported relatively more satisfaction in 1960’s than in 1990’s,whereas the males’ attitude towards the body images had appeared to have the same body satisfaction between the abovementioned time frames; and, consequently, it is worth saying that some researchers consider mass media “to negatively impact females’ body image” (Agliata ; Tantleff-Dunn 7) only.

6. Yourlastname 6 In view of many researchers, it becomes apparent that the construct of body comparison is likely to be a probable mediator of socio-cultural body dissatisfactions in both sexes. They advance an assertion that body comparison is firmly grounded on the social comparison interpretation, which focuses on the evaluative procedure that engages both searching for the message and making some critical decisions relative to other people. It is worth admitting that the social comparison theory proves body dissatisfaction to be caused by the way people usually interpret what is broadcasted; in addition, it is important to highlight the fact that media portrayal of the beauty image does not evoke equal effects among all the individuals. Conclusion Researchers managed to find an obvious link between exposure to the media’s promotion of the thin-ideal body and body dissatisfaction, which is increasing at a rapid rate.

The results of widely-recognized studies make it clear that females’ body dissatisfaction has increased dramatically over the decades; it has been assumed that this trend may be caused by the media’s focus on promoting an exaggerated portrayal of unreal body image. Since the average women’s body-mass index demonstrates an increasing spiral, it has been hypothesized that there might be the acceptance of larger body shapes, termed “real bodies”. Despite the fact that women’s body satisfaction has significantly increased over the past decades, the males’ body satisfaction remained mostly the same. Looking into the details of the researchers’ contemplation upon such body-satisfaction divergences, it becomes evident that their suggestions are mainly based on distinguishing the distinctions within the area of body comparison.7. Yourlastname 7 Works Cited Agliata, Daniel., and Stacey Tantleff-Dunn. The Impact of Media Exposure on Male’s Body Image.

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23.1 (2004): 7-22. Print. Bell, Beth., and Helga Dittmar.

Does Media Type Matter? The Role of Identification in Adolescent Girls’ Media Consumption and the Impact of Different Thin-Ideal Media on Body Image. Sex Roles, 65.7-8 (2011): 478-490. Print. Davis, Cindy., and Melanie Katzman. Culture and Eating Disorders. In R.

Lemberg, (Ed.), Eating Disorder Reference Book. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1999. Print. Farley, Shanon.

Mass Media and Socio?Cultural Pressures on Body Image and Eating Disorders among Adolescent Women. Perspectives (University of New Hampshire) (2011): 100-107. Print. Grogan, Sarah. Body image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women, and Children.

New York, NY: Routledge, 1999. Print. Pollack-Seid, Roberta. Never Too Thin.

New York, NY: Prentice Hall Press, 1989. Print. Schwartz, Hillel.

Never Satisfied: A Cultural History of Diets, Fantasies and Fat. New York: The Free Press, 1986. Print. Vancura, Diana. The Media Focus Too Much on Looks. Teen Decisions: Body Image.

Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003.

Print.

1. Colombia is the only country in South America with the access of both The Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.2.

South America’s oldest democracy is of Colombia.3. The official name of Colombia is The Republic of Colombia.4. Bogota is the capital of Colombia and it is one of the highest altitude cities in the world.5.

Spanish is the official language of Colombia.6. Colombia is a second most biodiverse country in the world.7. Colombia is the fourth largest country in South America.8. There are 8 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Colombia.

9. The name ‘Colombia’ was given after Christopher Columbus.10. Colombia produces about 12% of the total coffee produced in the world.11. There are 58 National Parks in Columbus which covers 11% of the global area of the country.

12. The ‘River of Five Colors’ is in Colombia. 13. The Sierra Nevada in Colombia is second highest coastal mountain in the world.14. Colombia is leading producer of Green Gemstone called, Emeralds.15.

Colombia lies on the Pacific Ocean’s Pacific Ring of Fire. It is a zone where earthquakes and volcanos are very common.16. In the world, Colombia is the third largest exporter of coffee.17.

Colombia is home to many endemic species of animals and plants.18. Colombians celebrates 18 holidays in a year, which is the second highest, first is India.19.

In Colombia, about 1,800 species of birds can be found.20. 90% of Colombia population is Catholic.21. Colombia shares the border with 5 countries- Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, Venezuela, and Panama.

22. It is compulsory in Colombia to play National anthem on radio and TV every day at 6 am and 6 pm.23. Graffiti is not a punishable crime in Colombia, instead, they support street art.24.

The favorite breakfast of Colombia is milk soup with undercooked eggs and is called Changua.25. The mountain Cerro Rico was a discovery of Spain. The mountain had silver.

26. There is a celebration in Colombia when a girl turns 15 and is called “La Quinceañera” and the gift for a girl is gold.27. Colombia was ranked as the happiest country in the world twice.

28. 18 years is the legal drinking age in Colombia.29. Aguardiente drink made from sugarcane is the National drink of the country.30. Tejo is the traditional and national sports of Colombia.31. The economy of Colombia is third largest in South America.

32. It is believed that human-settled in Colombia before 20,000 years.33. The population of Colombia is about 48.6 million.

34. Colombia covers the area of 1,141,748 square kilometers of the earth. 35.

Colombia has a coastline of about 2,000 miles.36. There are only 14 species of Wax Palm in the world, and Colombia has 7 of them.37. After cancer, drug-related violence is the second most common cause of death.

38. The highest peak in Colombia is the Pico Cristobal Colon at 19,020 feet.39. Colombian men while talking or handshaking always looks in the eyes.40. The most popular sports of Colombia are Football, roller skating, boxing, baseball, and weightlifting.

41. Pablo Escobar once offered to pay the debt of Colombia of $10 billion to improve his reputation.42. There are approximately 300 beaches in Colombia, which are open for locals and tourists.43. Amazon Rainforest covers the one-third portion of Colombia.

44. Colombian women are very concern about their figure, thousands of cosmetic surgeries are performed every year in Colombia.45. Spanish ruled Colombia for 300 years.46. Colombia became independent from Spain in 1813.47.

The government of Colombia bans alcohol on major country events like World Cup to avoid public violence.48. Colombia has the longest bike road in South America, it is 300 kilometers long.49. Marigolds and lilies are for funerals in Colombia and are never given as a gift.

50. The highest waterfall of Colombia is The Tequendama Falls.51. Colombia hosts one of the biggest salsa festival, carnival festival, theatre festival, festival of flowers and many more.52. Flatbread prepared from corn flour with different fillings is a popular snack of Colombians.53. The famous musicians Shakira and Juanes are Colombian.

54. The first Spanish settlement in Colombia was in Santa Marta.55. There are more than 60 indigenous languages spoken in Colombia.

56. Colombians use both maternal and paternal surnames.57. Colombian women got right to vote from 1975.58. Due to its location near the equator, there is hardly any change in season, they have sun throughout the year.59.

Scientists believe that more than 3,000 species of butterflies are found in Colombia.60. The drug lord Pablo Escobar was from Colombia.61. More than 70% of the population lives in cities.

62. The longest river of Colombia is Magdalena.63. The literacy rate of Colombia is 92.7%.64.

There are two National holidays- July 20 and August 7.65. If you want to learn scuba-dive in cheap price then Colombia is the best.66.

Colombia is the top producer of cocaine.67. Colombian Peso is the national currency of Colombia.

68. The pink dolphins can be found in Colombia.69. Colombia is the third largest oil producing country in South America.70. The life expectancy of Colombia is 74.18 years.